Division with Remainders

When a division does not come out evenly, the answer is written as a quotient together with a remainder. Calculation and Fill in the Blank Within the Times Tables lay the groundwork, then come word problems on How Much for Each Person (Equal Sharing) and How Many Groups, and finally Adjusting the Answer (Rounding Down) and Adjusting the Answer (Rounding Up).

Leaving a remainder larger than the divisor is the typical error, as in giving 17 ÷ 3 as 4 R 5. Setting the remainder against the divisor catches it immediately. In the adjusting work, children answer with the quotient alone in situations where everyone has to fit, forgetting the extra vehicle the remainder calls for.

Division dealt only with numbers that split evenly; here, the case where a remainder is left over is handled. Working through the times tables to find the quotient, the same reasoning as before, develops in grade 4 into column calculation with 2-digit and 3-digit numbers in Division (÷ 1-Digit Number).